Celiac Disease

Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the ingestion of gluten—a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye—triggers an immune response that damages the lining of the small intestine. This immune reaction leads to inflammation and the flattening of intestinal villi, small finger-like projections essential for nutrient absorption. 

As a result, individuals with celiac disease may experience a wide range of symptoms, including chronic diarrhea or constipation, bloating, abdominal pain, fatigue, anemia, weight loss, and malnutrition. In some cases, symptoms can be more subtle or occur outside the digestive tract, such as skin rashes (dermatitis herpetiformis), joint pain, headaches, or infertility. Celiac disease can develop at any age and tends to run in families, particularly among those with other autoimmune conditions. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests for specific antibodies, followed by an upper endoscopy with a biopsy of the small intestine to confirm villous atrophy. 

The only effective treatment is strict, lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet, which helps heal the intestinal lining, alleviate symptoms, and prevent complications. With proper dietary management and regular monitoring, most individuals with celiac disease can maintain excellent health and a high quality of life.