Dysphagia

Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty swallowing, a condition that can affect individuals of all ages and may involve problems with the throat (oropharyngeal dysphagia) or the esophagus (esophageal dysphagia). It can be caused by a wide range of issues, including neurological disorders such as stroke or Parkinson’s disease, structural abnormalities like strictures or tumors, or motility disorders that affect the muscles and nerves responsible for moving food through the esophagus. 

Symptoms may include pain or discomfort while swallowing, a sensation of food being stuck in the throat or chest, coughing or choking during meals, unexplained weight loss, or frequent respiratory infections due to aspiration. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies such as a barium swallow, and endoscopic evaluation. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include swallowing therapy, dietary modifications, medications, or procedures such as esophageal dilation. In more complex cases, surgical intervention may be required. 

Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to prevent complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, or aspiration pneumonia, and to help patients maintain a safe and enjoyable eating experience.