H. Pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped bacterium that infects the lining of the stomach and is one of the most common causes of peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis worldwide. Many people with H. pylori experience no symptoms, but in others, the infection can lead to significant gastrointestinal issues such as burning stomach pain, bloating, nausea, loss of appetite, or unintentional weight loss. 

Over time, if left untreated, H. pylori can contribute to more serious complications, including gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, and an increased risk of gastric (stomach) cancer. The bacteria are typically transmitted through contaminated food, water, or close contact with an infected person. Diagnosis is usually made through noninvasive tests such as a breath test, stool antigen test, or blood antibody test, and can be confirmed via biopsy during endoscopy. 

Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics to eradicate the bacteria and acid-suppressing medications, such as proton pump inhibitors, to promote healing of the stomach lining. Successful eradication of H. pylori often leads to symptom resolution and reduces the risk of recurrence and long-term complications. Regular follow-up may be recommended to ensure the infection has been fully cleared.