Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus, similar to varicose veins, that can cause discomfort, itching, bleeding, or pain, especially during bowel movements. They are classified as internal—located inside the rectum—or external—under the skin around the anus. 

Hemorrhoids are extremely common and can result from increased pressure in the lower rectum due to straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation or diarrhea, sitting for prolonged periods, pregnancy, or obesity. Symptoms may vary based on type and severity and can include bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl, a lump or swelling near the anus, or a sensation of incomplete evacuation. While often mild and treatable at home with dietary fiber, hydration, warm baths, and topical treatments, more severe cases may require medical intervention such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or surgical removal. 

A proper diagnosis is essential to rule out more serious causes of rectal bleeding, such as colorectal cancer. With timely treatment and lifestyle changes, most patients experience significant relief and can prevent future flare-ups effectively.